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About fifty years ago, a pharmaceutical company developed misoprostol to treat gastric ulcers. Later, women's health advocates in Brazil noticed its potential for medical abortion due to its warning label mentioning a risk of miscarriage. Today, two medication regimens are widely used: Misoprostol alone Mifepristone followed by misoprostol (the combined regimen), now the recommended approach in many countries. How Do These Medications Work? Mifepristone blocks progesterone, a hormone essential for maintaining early pregnancy. Without progesterone, the uterus can't support the developing baby. Misoprostol causes the uterus to contract and expel the baby. Effectiveness Combined regimen (mifepristone + misoprostol): 95-98% effective in ending first-trimester pregnancies. Misoprostol alone: 85-90% effective, with slightly higher risks of incomplete or ongoing pregnancies. What If the Pregnancy Continues? If the medications fail and a woman chooses to continue the pregnancy, research offers reassurance: Mifepristone: Not linked to birth defects; babies are usually healthy. Misoprostol: Most babies exposed during a failed medical abortion are born healthy. A small number of cases have linked misoprostol to rare conditions like limb differences or Moebius sequence (affecting facial muscles), with an extremely low risk (1 in 50,000 to 1 in 500,000 births). How to Know If the Medications Have Failed Take a pregnancy test 2-3 weeks after treatment. If positive or pregnancy symptoms persist, seek medical advice. An ultrasound scan can confirm whether the pregnancy has ended, is ongoing, or incomplete. In Summary While a small number of pregnancies may continue after a failed medical abortion, most babies born after exposure are healthy . Misoprostol carries a very small risk of specific anomalies. Women who choose to continue the pregnancy should receive: Early ultrasound scans Detailed fetal assessment later in pregnancy Supportive antenatal care and counselling

Facing an unplanned pregnancy in Singapore can stir up emotions you may not have words for yet — shock, fear, confusion or even a quiet numbness. You might feel like life has suddenly taken a turn you weren’t prepared for. If that’s where you are right now, take a moment. Breathe. You’re not alone. Many women experience unplanned pregnancies, and there is real, supportive help available. aLife is a secular, non-profit organisation that offers confidential, non-judgmental support for pregnant women navigating this difficult and emotional space. This guide gently walks you through what an unplanned pregnancy means, the options available, and the different types of care and support you can reach for. What Is an Unplanned Pregnancy An unplanned pregnancy simply means the pregnancy wasn’t expected or intended. It can happen for many reasons: a contraceptive method not working as planned, inconsistent use due to stress or busy schedules, or life circumstances shifting faster than expected. Some women discover it in the middle of studies, others during career transitions and some during moments of relationship uncertainty. Whatever your situation is, your feelings are valid. Fear, guilt, denial, confusion or even moments of calm — all of these are natural responses. What matters now is giving yourself space to gather information instead of rushing into panic or withdrawing in silence. Understanding what is happening helps you move forward with clarity and care. Emotional and Practical Challenges An unplanned pregnancy carries both emotional and practical layers. Emotionally, you may feel alone — unsure who to talk to or afraid others may judge you. Cultural expectations and social pressure can weigh heavily, especially for women who are young, unmarried or financially unprepared. Practically, you may be worried about school, work, money, housing, or how your partner or family might respond. All these concerns are real and understandable. This is why early medical consultation is important. A doctor can confirm the pregnancy, determine how far along you are, and help you understand what steps are medically safe. Speaking with a counsellor early can also give you emotional grounding while you figure out what feels right for you. Taking Care of Your Mental and Physical Well-Being Many women describe the early days of an unplanned pregnancy as a blur of thoughts, fears and “what ifs.” These feelings are not a sign of weakness; they are a natural response to uncertainty. If you find yourself anxious, tearful, or unable to focus, consider speaking with a professional counsellor. Counselling offers a safe space to slow down, understand what you’re feeling, and process your options without judgement. Support organisations providing pregnancy help in Singapore can also guide you toward practical resources, emotional support and information that fits your situation. Taking care of your body remains equally important. Eating regularly, staying hydrated, getting sufficient rest, and incorporating gentle activity can help stabilise your mood and energy levels. Try to connect with at least one trusted person — a friend, mentor or support worker — so you do not have to navigate everything alone. Understanding Your Options 1. Continue the Pregnancy and Become a Parent Some women choose to continue their pregnancy and raise the child. If this is the path you are considering, you may want to think about family support, financial planning, childcare options and how parenting fits into your current life. You don’t have to figure everything out overnight. Community programmes can help lighten the load. aLife’s ALMA Programme supports mothers with baby essentials, befriending support, and practical guidance until the child is two years old. It is there to help you feel less alone in the early stages of motherhood. 2. Continue the Pregnancy and Consider Adoption If you feel unable to raise a child right now but are not comfortable with termination, adoption is a legal option in Singapore. Adoption is handled through accredited agencies and regulated by the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF). It is a thoughtful, structured process designed to ensure the child’s long-term well-being and the mother’s informed decision-making. Speaking with a trained social service professional can help you understand what adoption might look like and whether this path feels right for you. 3. Termination of Pregnancy (Abortion) In Singapore, abortion is legal up to 24 weeks of pregnancy (23 weeks + 6 days by ultrasound dating). Beyond 24 weeks, termination is only permitted if: The mother’s life or health is at serious risk, or The fetus has severe abnormalities. All women are required to undergo pre-procedure counselling, and there must be a minimum 48-hour waiting period between counselling and giving written consent. Only licensed clinics and hospitals are allowed to perform this medical procedure. Privacy is respected, and women are encouraged to ask questions to fully understand both the medical and emotional aspects before proceeding. How aLife Supports You You don’t have to make decisions in isolation. aLife offers gentle, caring support through several programmes. 1. SUPeRF Programme The SUPeRF (Support for Unplanned Pregnancies – Resource Facilitation) Programme provides a safe and confidential space where you can talk openly about what you’re going through. Here, you will receive emotional support, guidance and connection to community resources. You won’t be judged, pressured or rushed. SUPeRF also includes pregnancy assistance for women facing an unplanned or unsupported pregnancy. Trained facilitators help you explore your situation, understand your options, and make informed choices you feel comfortable with. It is a friendly, impartial environment where your concerns are heard, validated and respected. 2. ALMA Programme For mothers who continue their pregnancies, the ALMA Programme offers practical help such as baby essentials, mentoring support, emergency relief and companionship during the early months of motherhood. ALMA is designed to support new mothers experiencing financial difficulty by providing the necessities their baby needs until the child reaches two years old. Befrienders journey closely with the mother, helping ensure that the family environment remains safe and stable. Mothers are also linked to additional community resources that strengthen resilience, self-reliance and long-term stability. 3. Caterpillar Club The Caterpillar Club provides parenting workshops and child development activities to support you as your child grows. It is a character-building enrichment programme for children aged 4 to 12, especially those from low-income or disadvantaged families. Through immersive, age-appropriate learning experiences, children are empowered with foundational life skills, literacy support, positive values and opportunities to develop confidence. No matter your background, circumstances or the decisions you are weighing, aLife walks with you at your pace. Steps to Take If You’re Unsure If you don’t know what to do yet, that’s okay. Here’s a gentle starting point: Confirm your pregnancy with a healthcare professional. Determine how far along the pregnancy is — gestational age affects your options. Reach out to the SUPeRF Programme for confidential counselling. Talk to someone you trust, even if it is just one person. Explore what practical support might be available to you. Give yourself time — decisions made calmly are usually clearer. Moving Forward With aLife Whatever emotions you’re holding right now, you don’t have to face them in isolation. Help is real, immediate and available whenever you’re ready. aLife offers confidential, kind support to anyone navigating an unplanned pregnancy in Singapore, providing a space for honest conversations and guidance without judgment. You can reach out through the contact details on aLife’s official website to begin a conversation at your own pace. In moments that feel heavy or unclear, remember that support exists — and you deserve to access it. With the right information, care and encouragement, you can take your next steps feeling steadier, supported and never alone.

Discovering an unexpected pregnancy can stir emotions you didn’t see coming — worry, disbelief, or simply feeling frozen in the moment. If everything feels too fast right now, it’s okay to slow down. You don’t have to make a decision immediately. This Q&A provides gentle, factual answers to the questions women commonly ask — offering reassurance, clarity, and early pregnancy support in Singapore that you can rely on. Q1. I just found out I’m pregnant and didn’t plan this. What should I do first? Take a deep breath. You don’t have to make any major decision right away. The most important first step is to confirm the pregnancy with a doctor. This helps you understand how far along you are, which can influence your options. If you’re feeling anxious, alone or unsure what to do, the SUPeRF Programme offers confidential emotional support. You can speak with someone who listens without judgment and helps you process your thoughts at your own pace. This moment may feel big — but you don’t have to face it without support. Q2. What are my options? When dealing with an unplanned pregnancy, many women wonder “what to do” and what choices are available. In Singapore, you have three possible paths: Continue the pregnancy and become a parent Continue the pregnancy and place the child for adoption Terminate the pregnancy Each option comes with emotional, social and medical considerations. Give yourself space to learn about each pathway, understand how it aligns with your circumstances and speak with a trained support worker if you need help sorting through your feelings. Q3. Is abortion legal in Singapore? Yes. Abortion is legal up to 24 weeks of pregnancy (23 weeks + 6 days). After 24 weeks, termination is only allowed if: The mother’s life or health is at risk. There are serious fetal abnormalities. All women must attend mandatory counselling before the procedure, followed by a 48-hour waiting period before giving consent. Only licensed clinics and hospitals can provide this service. Q4. What if I’m not ready to raise a child but don’t want an abortion? Adoption may be an option. In Singapore, adoption is managed through accredited agencies under the Ministry of Social and Family Development (MSF). This can be a thoughtful path for women who wish to continue their pregnancy but are not in a position to parent. If you choose to carry your pregnancy, aLife’s ALMA Programme provides practical help after birth — including baby essentials, guidance and befriending support during your child’s early years. You don’t have to shoulder everything alone. Q5. How can aLife help me right now? aLife offers several layers of support designed specifically for women navigating unexpected pregnancies: SUPeRF Programme — confidential emotional support, information and referrals to the right resources. ALMA Programme — practical assistance for mothers and babies during the early years. Caterpillar Club — parenting workshops and child development activities for those continuing their pregnancy. These services are grounded in compassion, privacy and respect. Whether you’re feeling overwhelmed, confused or simply need someone to talk to, support is available. Q6. Where can I get confidential help? You can contact aLife through the phone or email listed on their Contact Page . Every message and conversation is handled with care, confidentiality and understanding. You don’t have to walk through this alone; safe support exists the moment you feel ready to reach out.

Bringing a new life into the world is an amazing journey. Expecting parents are well supported by plenty of tips and suggestions online and on social media especially those related to keeping a healthy lifestyle during this period. Staying active and healthy offers plenty of benefits to both you and baby.     However, while exercise is great, some activities pose risks to expectant mothers. Contact Sports & High-Impact Activities Stay away from sports where you might get hit e.g. volleyball High-impact aerobics too can put too much stress on your joints Activities with Risk of Abdominal Trauma Some activities could cause a direct hit to your belly e.g. skiing while on winter vacation Any activities where you might have a high chance of falling and accidentally hurting your abdomen should be off-limits too Exercises in Extreme Heat or Humidity Your body's temperature changes during pregnancy Avoid working out outside on very hot days as overheating can be dangerous for both you and baby Lying Flat on the Back for Extended Periods After the first trimester, this position can put pressure on the inferior vena cava, a major vein which carries blood to your heart Lying flat can reduce blood flow to you and baby Exercises Requiring Breath-Holding  Holding your breath during exercise can raise your blood pressure It can also cut off oxygen flow to your baby Always breathe deeply and steadily Deep Twisting of the Torso Your belly muscles stretch a lot during pregnancy  Avoid moves that cause sharp twisting to avoid overstraining your abdominal muscles When to Modify or Stop Exercising Your body sends you signals to change your routine or to stop completely when you feel uncomfortable. Learn to recognise what feels right and what doesn’t. Recognising Warning Signs Physical Discomfort & Pain Pay attention to any aches and pain. Pelvic pain or back pain that gets worse with any activity is a red flag. If you feel pain, STOP. Your body is telling you something important. Vaginal Bleeding or Fluid Leakage This is a serious sign. If you see any vaginal bleeding or notice fluid leaking, stop exercising at once. Call or visit your doctor right away. You need medical advice quickly. Dizziness or Shortness of Breath Feeling dizzy or being breathless means you might be pushing too hard. These can also be signs of other problems. Take a break and rest if this happens. Consulting Your Healthcare Provider Your doctor knows your health best. Always get their advice before you start a fitness routine during your pregnancy. Pre-existing Medical Conditions If you have health issues like heart disease or asthma, consult your doctor. These conditions need careful guidance for exercise. They can affect what activities are safe for you. Pregnancy Complications Certain pregnancy issues such as placenta previa also mean you should limit physical activities. Your doctor will tell you if you need to limit activity or modify your current exercises. Personalised Exercise Recommendations Every pregnancy is different. Consult your doctor for specific advice and a customised plan based on your personal health and pregnancy. Consistent and moderate exercise is a key part of a healthy pregnancy. It helps your body adapt and prepares you for labour. Remember to listen closely to your body and consult your healthcare provider before and during pregnancy exercise.  * This article is not to be taken as medical advice. If you are pregnant, please consult your healthcare practitioner before commencing your fitness/exercise regime.  If you require pregnancy assistance or need support for an unplanned pregnancy, please contact aLife at 9183 4483 .

The first sign that you are pregnant is usually after you have missed your period. Some women with irregular cycles may only realise after a couple of months.  How Is Pregnancy Calculated? The start of pregnancy is calculated from the first day of your last menstrual period. A full term pregnancy is 40 weeks. However delivering any time between 9 to 10 months is typically considered normal. Pregnancy is also divided into three stages called Trimesters with each trimester being a set of three months. So if you are three months pregnant, you are 12 weeks into your pregnancy.  Here’s a quick look at how your baby is growing every month inside your womb.  For easy reference, the size of the foetus is compared to a fruit or vegetable.  Week 4 Size: About the size of a poppy or chia seed (0.1cm) Development:  Eyes and limb buds start to appear Heartbeat and blood circulation start Week 8  Size:  About the size of a blueberry (1cm) (less than 1g) Development:  Eyes, ears, mouth and nose are distinct  Brain cells are generating Kidneys starting to form Intestines begin to develop Liver starts producing blood cells Pancreas begins forming insulin All four chambers of the heart are developed Week 12 Size:  About the size of a lime (5.4cm) (14g) Development:  Fingers and toes are still webbed, but distinguishable Heartbeat detectable Kidneys produce urine Vocal cords are formed Arms are proportional to body Legs may not be proportionate yet Week 16 Size:  About the size of an avocado (11.6cm) (100g) Development: Facial muscles are developing so expressions like squinting and frowning can be seen on a scan Genitals become distinguishable Legs are longer Eyebrows and eyelashes are more distinct  Week 20 Size: About the length of a small banana (25.6cm) (300g) Development: Baby’s movement can be felt Sucking and grasping movements can be seen on a scan  Permanent teeth are forming inside the gums Heart beats at the rate of 120-160 beats per minute Week 24 Size:  As long as a corn on the cob (30cm) (600g) Development: Skin is red and wrinkled Foetus gains weight Eyebrows and eyelashes are clearly seen Eyelids are separated, but remain shut Week 28 Size:  About the size of a big eggplant (37.6cm) (1kg) Development: Eyes start producing tears and nose can smell Brain grooves and folds are still developing Fat deposits under the skin Nervous system starts controlling a few body functions Week 32 Size:  About the size of a large grapefruit (42.4cm) (1.7kg) Development: - Stronger kicks and movements can be felt Baby sleeps more Baby attains a head-down position Lungs continue practicing rhythmic breathing Kidneys are fully developed  Week 36 Size:  About the size of a large honeydew melon (47cm) (2.5kg) Development: Skull bones remain soft to allow easy passage through birth canal Fully formed limbs and nails Baby can move neck well Blood vessels are fully developed Earlobes have soft cartilage Week 40 Size: As big as a small pumpkin (51.2cm) (3.4kg) Development: Baby is fully grown and is ready to be delivered For more detailed information on your baby’s week-to-week development and pregnancy diary, there are many good apps that you can download and use. Here are some suggestions: Pregnancy & Baby Tracker - WTE Asianparent: Pregnancy + Baby Ovia Cycle & Pregnancy Tracker 280days: Pregnancy Diary App

The decision of whether to co-sleep with a newborn or encourage independent sleep has long been shaped by cultural, historical and personal factors. In the West, as nuclear families became more prevalent, discipline and self-regulation in children became highly valued.  The rising affluence and societal values around independence also made separate bedrooms fashionable. In the East, where early Asian societies were less developed, co-sleeping was more common as there was little means to provide individual beds for each child.  Sleep training is thought to be able to foster self-soothing and independence .  One of the primary arguments against co-sleeping is that it fosters dependency, making children reliant on their parents not only during sleep, but in other aspects of life as well like waking up in the mornings.  Critics view it as a habit that may be difficult to break. As a first-time mother, I found the newborn phase exhausting. The endless sleepless nights were one of the biggest challenges of breastfeeding. My priority was to regain sleep and reduce fatigue to safeguard my well-being and prevent post-partum depression. I had also planned to go back to full-time work, so I really wanted to have a routine where I could have a good uninterrupted night's sleep.  Since most research suggested that sleep training between 3 to 6 months was the optimal window for success, my grand plan was to move my baby to a separate room as early as possible to encourage independent sleep.   When my firstborn was about four months old, we transitioned him from sleeping in a crib in the same room to a separate room. I followed sleep training methods including the "cry-it-out" approach —rocking him to sleep before placing him in his crib and avoiding interference when he woke up crying. For two nights, my baby cried until he nearly lost his voice. By the third night, we gave in and had him sleep on a separate floor mattress beside our bed where he slept till he was 5 years old. As I went back to full-time work after 6 months, I did treasure the little time I had with my baby at night.  Having him sleep in the same room made me feel less guilty for not having spent time in the day with him.  I do believe the night sleeping did enhance the bonding between me and my baby. According to research, the physical closeness promotes the release of oxytocin, strengthening the emotional connection between parent and child. Additionally, it has been suggested that when parents and babies sleep together, their physiological functions—such as heart rate, breathing patterns, and sleep cycles—tend to synchronise, thus possibly biologically safer for infants, allowing caregivers to monitor their child's well-being more closely. When my second baby was born 23 months later, my eldest son had not yet moved out of our room. My husband and I were concerned that forcing him to leave the room when the second baby arrived might create resentment toward his younger sibling. Since there was no space for an additional crib in our master bedroom, we decided to place the crib in the adjacent room where our domestic helper slept while his older brother remained in our bedroom.  For the first two to three months, I did the night-time breastfeeding of my second baby in the separate room to minimise disruptions for my husband and eldest child. What I did not anticipate was that not having my baby co-sleep with me made the situation more tiring, as it was more disruptive rather than supportive of my sleep. I found it increasingly difficult to fall back asleep once I was awake. Additionally, I noticed that my baby was forming an attachment to our helper in a way that made me uncomfortable. As a result, my second baby moved back into our bedroom soon after and slept beside his older brother until he was three. Eventually, we transitioned both of them to a bunk bed, which they took some time to adjust to. With the arrival of our third child, we moved to a much larger house in the US which alleviated our space constraints. This allowed us to place his crib in our master bedroom. Initially, I had hoped he would sleep independently, but he resisted being alone. After his last night-time feed, I would place him in his crib, where he would sleep for the first few hours. However, he consistently woke in the middle of the night to feed and would cry intensely when we put him back in the crib after feeding. By the time my third baby arrived, I came to the conclusion that I was unlikely to 'win' this battle of having him sleep independently. Children may not be biologically primed to sleep alone. If the child is sensitive or anxious, it will mean additional support and reassurance during their transition to independent sleep. Before my third child turned three, I decided to get him a new ‘Thomas the Train’ toddler bed—his favorite cartoon character at the time—which he embraced immediately. At this age, my third child finally felt secure and safe enough to sleep on his own. Co-sleeping, while advantageous for mothers in terms of breastfeeding and bonding, also impacts the parent-child relationship and the quality of sleep for both parties. Interestingly, some studies indicate that bed-sharing may reduce testosterone levels in fathers, potentially leading to increased engagement and sensitivity as caregivers. Additionally, the physiological development of newborns benefits from sleeping at close proximity to an adult, especially during the early months when their own regulatory systems are still maturing. Ultimately, the decision to co-sleep or promote independent sleep is influenced by a family's lifestyle, values and needs. However, it is crucial to take safety precautions as co-sleeping can pose risks if parents are impaired due to fatigue, medication, alcohol, or other substances.  There is no one-size-fits-all approach for every child or parent, and flexibility is essential.  My personal journey with three children demonstrates that each baby has unique needs which needed to be adjusted along the way. Parenthood is a continuous learning experience, shaped by intuition, circumstances and the evolving dynamics of family life. And it's important to trust your instincts when caring for your baby. Happy sleeping.

Motherhood is a journey filled with love and laughter, but also demands, sacrifices and plenty of exhaustion. When you focus on what truly matters – connection, love and growth, you’ll be able to find a more balanced and fulfilled life. 1. Take a Well-Deserved Break   Instead of stressing about a spotless house, how about visiting a cafe  or a library to enjoy some quiet time with a good book or engage in your hobby such as gardening or baking? 2. Try Journaling  Every day, write down the things you do. Today, I made a tuna avocado sandwich for breakfast, juggled three meetings at work, bleached my husband's shirts and even squeezed in a 30-minute workout before dinner! Little accomplishments like these remind me of how much I'm doing for my family... 3. Recharge with Quiet Time    Take small steps you can control like unplugging your phone for family time and setting up a bedtime routine. When we make a conscious effort to recharge, we show up as our best selves for both our family and ourselves. 4.  Exercise for Calm  Incorporate standing exercise  into your routine because exercise not only keeps us fit, but also releases those happy endorphins, keeping us in a positive frame of mind. 5.   Connect with Nature  This can nurture your soul and help you gain a fresh perspective on what truly matters. Walk the parks , explore trails  or even have a picnic  at a nearby park or reservoir. 6.    Energise with Music  Whenever you do chores around the house, playing some relaxing music or your favourite tunes can make the job seem less tedious. 7.    Relax with a Cuppa After that, how about enjoying a cup of Chamomile Rose Tea or your favourite brew? And let the soothing aroma encourage mindfulness and relaxation. 8.   Reflect on Priorities & Set Actionable Goals Aligned with Your Values  One of my values is personal growth because life is constantly changing. For this year, I'm learning astrology (Action) to understand the influence of celestial bodies (Goal) and also playing the guzheng (Action), a traditional Chinese instrument, to appreciate traditional music (Goal). 9.  Volunteer Your Time Lend a helping hand at a charity or participate in community service . It can be extremely fulfilling and give you a sense of purpose as well as new opportunities to meet new people and build your social circle. 10.  Ask for Help When You Need It  Remember that it's okay not to have all the answers and that it's okay to ask for help from friends and family and your community whenever you need it. Have fun with your new-found peace!

R and her partner were getting married soon. In their thirties and eager to start a family after the wedding, they decided to check on their fertility. Their tests came back normal, which was reassuring. But then R asked an important question: “What about preconception care?” I smiled and said, “Think of your body like a garden. Before you plant the seed, you need to prepare the soil.” R nodded, unsure of what that truly meant—until we began discussing nutrition. Key Nutrients to Support Conception 1.  Folic Acid Perhaps the most essential preconception nutrient, folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects in the baby’s brain and spine. These defects can develop very early—often before you even realize you're pregnant. All women of childbearing age are advised to take at least 400 micrograms daily. Recent studies also show that early folic acid supplementation is associated with improved neuropsychological development in children, including better verbal skills and behavior. Importantly, no negative effects were observed, even at higher doses. 2.  Iron Iron supports healthy blood and helps prevent anemia. Low iron before pregnancy can lead to fatigue and increases the risk of complications. Great sources include red meat, leafy greens, lentils, and fortified cereals. 3.  Calcium and Vitamin D Babies need calcium to build strong bones and teeth. If you’re not getting enough, your body may draw calcium from your bones, increasing your risk of osteoporosis later in life. Including calcium-rich foods—like dairy products, leafy greens, or fortified plant milks—along with vitamin D (which aids absorption) is essential. 4.  Iodine Crucial for both thyroid health and brain development, iodine is another key nutrient. Women trying to conceive should aim for 150 micrograms daily, easily obtained through iodized salt, dairy, or prenatal vitamins. 5.  Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA/EPA) These healthy fats support fetal brain and eye development. Fatty fish like salmon and sardines are excellent sources. For vegetarians, algae-based supplements offer a plant-friendly alternative. 6.  Zinc Zinc plays a role in hormone production and ovulation. It can be found in nuts, seeds, whole grains, and meats. 7.  Vitamin B12 Vital for red blood cell formation and nervous system health, B12 is especially important for those on vegetarian or vegan diets, where it can be harder to obtain from food alone. R had a blood test and was surprised to learn her iron and folic acid levels were low. She began incorporating more spinach, lentils, fish, and the occasional steak into her meals. She also added fortified almond milk to her daily routine and made time for afternoon walks to soak up natural vitamin D. A referral to a dietitian helped her create a balanced meal plan filled with whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, and plenty of fruits and vegetables. Four months later, R felt healthier, more energized, and confident. While pregnancy can take time, she knew she was doing something powerful—laying the groundwork for a strong beginning.

As a first-time mum, I wanted to do it right. I did a lot of reading, which inevitably led to information overload, self-doubt, and confusion. If this sounds like you, don't give up. The First Time Breastfeeding is something that mothers should consider for at least the first six months for optimal health and development of the baby. However, any mummy who cannot do it due to reasons or circumstances beyond her control should not feel any guilt. As per the textbook, I put my baby to my breast right after he was born. Luckily, my baby took to the nipple quickly, but there wasn’t any milk. Nurses consoled me that there was colostrum and I should be patient and wait a day or two for the milk flow to come. My baby was born small at 2.5kg, which was below the 90th percentile of weight for all babies. Finally The Milk Came... For the next four days, I persisted in breastfeeding, but there was still nothing. I grew increasingly anxious as my baby’s weight dropped from 2.5kg to 2.1kg. I considered starting formula milk as I couldn’t bear to see him getting any smaller. I called a lactation consultant who was due to visit me at home at the end of the fourth day. However, just before she was due to arrive, the milk finally came. What a relief it was! Experimenting With Feeding With my baby being small, I wanted to compensate by feeding him more. I stuck to what was taught in most books: feeding my baby at 2.5 to 3-hour intervals, 24 hours non-stop. With each feed, my baby would nurse for 20-30 minutes each time. However, he didn’t keep the milk in. He would regurgitate a lot during burping. It was overwhelming as I had no way of knowing for certain how much he was drinking and whether it was enough for him. A Task That Was Laborious But Rewarding In addition, I had totally underestimated how laborious the task was. It was definitely more exhausting than any full-time job. Fortunately, the breastfeeding process did get easier, more routine, and more predictable with time. It was also emotionally soothing while I connected with my baby. When my baby turned 5 and a half months old, he started semi-solid food feeding with ease. I continued to breastfeed my boy for a year before weaning him off. Bonding With Baby & Learning A New Skill Breastfeeding is indeed challenging especially during the first month. Both my baby and I had to come to grips with life, with each other, and learn a new skill too. I was adjusting to life as a new mum, even with my second baby and third. Each of my babies’ feeding patterns was a little different. How much and how often my baby feeds depended on my baby’s needs. I slowly learned that as long as both baby and mum are healthy and feeling happy, the feeding schedule is working fine. The important point is to remain relaxed, calm, and to nurse gently. Nursing in various positions such as side-lying, or investing in a nursing pillow or nursing chair can also be useful. However challenging breastfeeding was, the experience was equally rewarding. I believe that breastfeeding has, in part, helped all my three boys become both emotionally secure and physically strong young men. It was also a precious time in my life to build that emotional bond with my baby, and weaning him was an equally emotional and bittersweet process. In the years to come, I will always remember my breastfeeding journey with much joy. And I hope you do too. Please do not hesitate to reach out to us if you need help with parentcraft and baby matters.

M and her husband sat attentively as I explained the biopsy results. She had a precancerous lesion of the cervix caused by an HPV infection. Turning to her husband, I said, "HPV is very common among married couples. You should consider getting vaccinated too." He frowned. "Isn't that just for women?" "Men can get HPV too," I explained. "It can lead to throat, anal, and even penile cancer." "But what if I already have it?" he asked. "Maybe," I admitted, "but this isn't just about now—it's about protecting your future and your wife’s." Low Awareness of HPV in Men A Singapore study revealed that awareness of HPV infection in men and the benefits of vaccination is low among young adults. In 2022, researchers conducted a self-administered e-survey over three months. They collected demographic data and assessed HPV literacy among young adults aged 15–24 via a secure electronic platform. The findings? Only 1 in 10 men had received the HPV vaccine, and the majority were unaware that HPV could infect men. What is HPV? HPV is an extremely common virus that affects both men and women. There are over 100 strains of HPV, and while many are harmless, some can cause serious health issues, including: • Genital warts • Throat, penile, and anal cancers Approximately 80% of people will contract HPV at some point in their lives. The virus spreads through skin-to-skin contact, including all forms of sexual activity—not just intercourse. While condoms reduce the risk, they do not offer complete protection, as HPV can infect areas not covered by a condom. Most HPV infections clear on their own, but when they persist, they can lead to serious complications. Why Men Should Get the HPV Vaccine The HPV vaccine isn’t just for women—it’s strongly recommended for men as well. The vaccine is given in two or three doses and protects against the strains most likely to cause cancer and genital warts. It’s safe, effective, and offers long-term protection. Benefits of HPV Vaccination in Men: • Protect Yourself – Reduces the risk of HPV-related cancers and genital warts. • Prevent the Spread – Lowers the chances of passing HPV to partners. • Safe & Effective – The HPV vaccine has been extensively studied and has a strong safety record. M’s husband sat in thought for a moment before smiling. "Alright. If it helps keep us both safe, I’ll do it." HPV is not just a women’s health issue—it’s everyone’s concern. Protect yourself and your loved ones. Get vaccinated.

In today’s busy world, many families struggle to connect with each other while balancing work, school and social activities. Engaging in meaningful conversations can be a challenge, but studies show that effective parent-child communication significantly enhances emotional well-being of children and strengthens family relationships.  Tips For Better Parent-Child Communication Active Listening Understanding Non-verbal Cues Kids often express themselves through body language, tone and facial expressions. For instance, a child may say they are happy, but their slumped shoulders and lack of eye contact can signal something different. Recognising these non-verbal cues can provide an inkling to your child's emotions and feelings. Practicing Reflective Listening Reflective listening involves repeating back what your child says to confirm understanding. You might say, "So, it sounds like you're worried about the test." This shows that you are engaged and care about their feelings.  Creating a Safe Space for Open Dialogue Create an environment where your kids feel safe to express themselves. Emphasise empathy and non-judgment, and encourage your kids to share without fear of criticism or ridicule. Going Beyond "How was your day? " Asking Open-Ended Questions To encourage more engaging conversations, ask open-ended questions. Instead of asking, "Did you have fun at school?", try "What was the best part of your day?" Open-ended questions invite children to share more details and their thoughts. Clarifying Questions When you want to understand better, use clarifying questions. For example, if your child mentions something upsetting, ask, "Can you tell me more about what happened?" This demonstrates genuine interest. Avoiding Interruptions and Judgments Give children space to express themselves fully. Avoid interrupting or judging what they say. Instead, listen actively to foster a non-threatening dialogue. Tailoring Your Communication to Your Child's Age Toddlers With toddlers, keep language simple and use lots of non-verbal cues. Kids at this age benefit from play and companionship. Storytelling is another effective way to reach toddlers and enhance their communication skills. Tweens and Teens As children grow into tweens and teens, they seek independence and may shut down during conversations. Many teens feel misunderstood by their parents at times. Recognise their need for autonomy while maintaining open lines of communication. Customise Your Communication Style Each child is unique. Pay attention to individual personalities and adjust your communication style accordingly. Some children are more verbal while others might express feelings through creativity or silence. Managing Conflict and Difficult Conversations Staying Calm Under Pressure In difficult discussions, keeping calm is essential. Model healthy conflict resolution by taking deep breaths and maintaining a composed demeanor. This sets an example for your child. Using "I" Statements When expressing feelings during conflicts, use "I" statements instead of "You" statements. For instance, say, "I feel upset when my concerns aren’t heard," instead of "You never listen to me." This helps communicate feelings without blame. Finding Common Ground and Compromise Foc us on finding solutions rather than assigning blame. Ask your child what they think could work and work together to come to an agreement. This collaborative approach reinforces teamwork and understanding. Building Strong Family Bonds Creating Regular Family Time Set aside dedicated time each week for family conversations. Whether it’s a family dinner or game night, this time fosters meaningful connections.  Engaging in Shared Activities Participating together in activities like cooking or playing a game, strengthens relationships. Shared experiences naturally lead to discussions and bonding moments. Expressing Appreciation and Affection Regularly express love and appreciation. Compliments and affectionate gestures reinforce positive communication patterns and strengthen emotional ties.

Did you know that parenting styles need to change as children grow?  There are 4 distinct stages according to our children’s ages and changing needs, in which our parenting approach will determine how we foster a strong bond and connection with our children. Discipline Years (Ages 1-5) These are the foundation years of our children’s development. Boundaries have to be set to ensure safety and self control. For example; not sticking their fingers into power sockets or throwing their food. It’s exhausting for parents, but the outcome is that you would have demonstrated the significance of adhering to rules and respecting boundaries. Teaching Years (5-12) Your child is growing more independent at this stage. To enable them to better  understand the reasons behind the rules you have set, explaining the “why” is crucial. Just saying “No!” will not help them make good choices and form good habits.  Dealing with a Tween at this stage can be particularly challenging. Best to approach with compassion when discipling during this phase. It requires patience and clear communication.  Guiding Years (12-18) This is the stage when children start making choices. Friends, music, school activities, clothes etc. The role of the parent will become more of a coach, mentor, guide. You need them to trust you. It is necessary to be non-judgmental and objective in order to keep an open channel of conversation with them. They need to feel comfortable confiding in you.  Friendship Years (18 and above) This is when your child has grown into an adult. What they become is ultimately a reflection of the formation you provided. You hope they will reiterate what you taught them with their own children. You want to share in each others’ experiences just like friends.  Parenting is not always about being authoritative and commanding. It is a complex web of love, patience, firmness, compassion, strictness, trust and faith and our goal is to equip our children to become resilient and trustworthy individuals.