Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD)

An IUCD, or intrauterine contraceptive device or IUD, is a small, plastic, flexible, T-shaped device that is placed into the uterus (womb) and prevents pregnancy. It has to be inserted by trained doctor.

There are basically two types of IUCD.

One type of IUCD contains copper, which is slowly released into the uterine cavity. The copper stops the sperm from making it through the vagina and uterus to reach the egg, thus preventing fertilization. This type of IUCD can be kept in for 3-5 years depending on the quantity of the copper wire it contains.

Another type of IUCD releases the hormone progesterone, which causes the cervical mucus to become thicker so the sperm cannot reach the egg. The hormone also changes the lining of the uterus, so implantation of a fertilized egg cannot occur. This type of IUD can be kept in for 5 years.

The IUD is 98-99% effective. However, there are side effects associated with IUCD. They include infection of the fallopian tubes and ovaries (pelvic inflammatory disease), painful and heavy periods and backaches. The hormone-released IUCD is associated with lighter and irregular menstrual periods.